Mga Prosign sa Morse Code (Procedural Signals)
Kabisaduhin ang mahahalagang pamamaraang utos (, , , , , ) na ginagamit sa radiotelegraphy. Tuklasin ang pagpapangkat ayon sa pamilya, katumbas na ASCII, at may paliwanag na halimbawa ng CW QSO.
Mga Setting ng Audio Synthesizer para sa Prosign
Adjust transmission speed & tone pitch before playing prosigns below.
Mga Prosign ayon sa Pamilyang Operasyonal
Sa radiotelegraphy, ang mga prosign ay gumaganap ng mahalagang tungkulin mula sa paglilipat ng usapan hanggang sa pagwawasto ng mali at emergency.
Transmission & Handover
Kinokontrol kung sino ang susunod na magpapadala at nagtatakda ng hangganan ng mensahe.
Calling & Identification
Nagtatatag ng ugnayan at nagpapakilala sa nagpapadalang estasyon.
Pause, Error & Ack
Handles timing delays, errors, and receipt confirmations.
Message Structure
Paging, line breaks, and heading markers for formal telegrams.
Emergency & Distress
Highest priority radio signals taking immediate precedence.
Station Status & Closure
Shutting down operations or declaring no further messages.
Complete Morse Code Prosigns Chart
Filter by family or search any prosign, ASCII alternate punctuation, or sound pattern.
| Prosign Symbol | Concatenated Code | Dit-Dah Rhythm | Alternate Punctuation / ASCII | Operational Meaning | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <AR> | .-.-. | di-dah-di-dah-dit | + (Plus) | End of Message / Out Appended at end of transmission or formal message telegram. | |
| <BT> | -...- | dah-di-di-di-dah | = (Equal Sign) | Break / New Paragraph Separates thoughts or sections within a continuous text transmission. | |
| / | ...-.- | di-di-di-dah-di-dah | End of Contact | End of Work / Silent Key Final sign-off terminating contact between stations entirely. | |
| K | -.- | dah-di-dah | Over (Open) | Invitation to Transmit (Open) Signals any listening station that you are yielding the frequency. | |
| -.--. | dah-di-dah-dah-dit | ( (Left Paren) | Invite Named Station ONLY Strict invitation to transmit aimed ONLY at the specified station. | ||
| .-... | di-dah-di-di-dit | & (Ampersand) | Wait / Standby Requests receiving station to wait for a moment (e.g. AS 2 MIN). | ||
| -...-.- | dah-di-di-di-dah-di-dah | Break-In | Break-in Interruption Used in full break-in QSK mode to instantly interrupt or request quick reply. | ||
| CQ | -.-. --.- | dah-di-dah-dit dah-dah-di-dah | General Call | General Call to All Stations Call to any listening station inviting a reply to establish contact. | |
| DE | -.. . | dah-di-dit dit | From / This Is | From Station / This Is Precedes callsign to identify the transmitting station. | |
| QRZ? | --.- .-. --.. ..--.. | dah-dah-di-dah di-dah-dit dah-dah-di-dit di-di-dah-dah-di-dit | Who is calling? | Who Is Calling Me? Queries the identity of a station that just called. | |
| ........ | 8 dits continuous | Error / Backspace | Error Signal (8 Dits) Signals that the preceding word was sent in error and will be re-transmitted. | ||
| R | .-. | di-dah-dit | Roger / Solid | Received Solid / Roger Confirms that the last transmission was received completely and understood. | |
| ...-. | di-di-di-dah-dit | Verified | Verified / Understood Confirms formal telegram message verification and comprehension. | ||
| .-.- | di-dah-di-dah | \n (New Line) | New Line / All After Used to force line feed or request text repeat after a word. | ||
| ..--. | di-di-dah-dah-dit | ? (Interrogative) | Interrogative / Query Prepended to a Q-code to convert an assertion into a question. | ||
| / | -.-.- | dah-di-dah-di-dah | Attention / Preamble | Start of Message / Attention Attention preamble transmitted before the start of a formal message. | |
| ...---... | di-di-di-dah-dah-dah-di-di-dit | Distress | International Distress Signal Concatenated SOS signal requesting immediate maritime or life-safety aid. | ||
| XXX | -..- -..- -..- | dah-di-di-dah dah-di-di-dah dah-di-di-dah | Urgency / Pan-Pan | Urgency Signal (Pan-Pan) Transmitted three times to signal an urgent safety message concerning a vessel or person. | |
| TTT | - - - | dah dah dah | Safety Warning | Safety Warning (Securite) Transmitted three times to introduce a navigational or meteorological safety warning. | |
| -.-. .-.. | dah-di-dah-dit di-dah-di-dit | Closing Station | Closing Station / Off Air Signals that the station is shutting down and going off the air. | ||
| -. .. .-.. | dah-dit di-dit di-dah-di-dit | Nothing Follows | Nothing Follows / No Traffic Indicates that the station has no further messages or traffic to transmit. | ||
| 73 | --... ...-- | dah-dah-di-di-dit di-di-di-dah-dah | Best Regards | Best Regards / Friendly Sign-off Traditional friendly closing greeting between operators at the end of a contact. |
Understanding Concatenated Prosigns
What makes a procedural signal fundamentally different from ordinary words or standard punctuation?
The Rule of Inter-Character Spacing
When sending normal text in Morse code, ITU-R M.1677-1 dictates a mandatory 3-dot unit pause between individual letters. For example, transmitting the letters A and R as separate words sounds like:
In contrast, a prosign is formed by running the constituent letters together with ZERO inter-character pause (1 dit element space between dits and dahs):
Overbar Notation & ASCII Equivalents
Because keyboard software and printed logs need a way to distinguish run-together signals from normal character sequences, two universal conventions were created:
- Overbar Notation (, , ): Used in formal paper logbooks and official ITU manuals.
- Angle Brackets (<AR>, <BT>): Used in computer telegraphy decoders and loggers.
- ASCII Punctuation Mapping (+, =, &): Keyboards map
.-.-.to+and-...-to=for rapid typing.
Annotated Typical Amateur Radio CW QSO
Examine a complete step-by-step Morse code conversation between Station A (W1AW) and Station B (K2GXT), highlighting every prosign and procedural signal in action.
Station K2GXT calls W1AW twice to ensure clarity over noise, ending with K to hand over control.
Station K2GXT starts with R (Roger / solid copy), uses = () between sections, and ends with KN.
Both stations append (...-.-) to indicate final termination of the QSO contact.
Prosigns & CW Signals FAQ
What is the difference between a Prosign and a Q-Code?
A prosign is a single concatenated Morse character (like or ) with zero internal character pauses. A Q-code (like QTH, QSL, QRZ) consists of three standard Morse letters transmitted with normal inter-letter spacing.
Why is K different from KN?
K (-.-) is an open invitation to transmit meant for any station listening on frequency. (-.--.) is a strict invitation directed exclusively at the named station, instructing third-party stations not to break in.
How do I send an error signal in Morse code?
If you make a mistake while transmitting, send 8 rapid dits (........) continuous. This instructs the receiving operator to disregard the preceding word and wait for the re-transmission.
Where do the ASCII mappings (+ and =) come from?
In computerized teletype networks and modern amateur radio software (such as FLdigi or N1MM), + generates (.-.-.) and = generates (-...-), allowing touch-typists to execute prosigns without manual code entry.
๐ Explore Related Tools & References
Want to translate secret messages, practice Morse code, or check technical ITU standards? Explore our interactive tools and reference guides: